India has adopted adult suffrage as a basis of elections to the lok sabha and the state legislative assemblies. The americans declaration of independence showed a difference between where power should lie to where the british power lies. This is a also slient feature of uk constitution that single government run the function of uk. The british parliament is constitutionally supreme and omnipotent body. Constitutional values mentioned in the preamble permeate all the salient features of indian constitution. Britains unwritten constitution the british library. Discuss the salient features of british constitution. Drawn from various sources it is also sometimes called borrowed constitution as it is heavily inspired from various sources. The british constitution is unwritten because it is not derived from a single source. British academic, jurist, historian and liberal politician james bryce says that, the constitution of a state consists of those of its rules or laws which determine the form of its government and the respective rights and duties of it towards the citizens and of the citizens towards the government. It is the largest written liberal democratic constitution of the world. What are the important features of constitutionalism. But, there are constitutional provisions and practices which have imparted unitary features by giving more powers to the centre.
It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powe. Following are the salient features of the swiss constitution. The british constitution is unwritten, consists of customs and conventions which have grown over the years. Salient features of us constitution scholarshipsads. Following are the salient features of the british constitution. The constitution shall have the highest legal status and all other laws and rules must be consistent with it. American constitution the us constitution was adopted at the philadelphia convention in 1787 it came into force in 1789 after ratification by the minimum number of required states. Salient features of the american constitution what does the american constitution means to you its simple answer that it is a system of laws for the protection of right of american citizens and set the limits of government as well. The constitution of india is a unique constitution.
Pdf salient features of 1973 constitution of pakistan. Salient features of indian constitution political science. The constitution of india initiates with a preamble. The indian constitution is the lengthiest in the world. It has several special features that distinguish it from other constitutions of the world. Salient features of us constitution is open for the scholarship allows level programms in the field of taught at the deadline of the scholarhip is. Salient features of the constitution indian polity. The salient features of the constitution are as follows. The constitution has adopted the principles of federalism, separation of powers, checks and. Munro writes, the british constitution is complex amalgam of institutions, principles and practices. The british constitution is unwritten in one single document, unlike the constitution in america or the proposed european constitution, and as such, is referred to as an unconfined constitution in the sense that there is no single document that can be classed as britains constitution. A very important feature of the british constitution is sovereignty of parliament. To appreciate the role of parliament as the dominant lawmaking power in the british constitution.
Salient features of nepal constitution 2072 gktoday. There is no such thing as written, precise and compact document. Following are some salient features of the british constitution. Longest constitution the constitution of india is the longest in the world. Preamble and the salient features of the constitution of india. However, after algerian independence and dropping of the provision regarding french community, the total number of articles came down to 89. Jan 09, 20 the constitution of a state or a nation consists of those of its rules or laws which the determine the form of its government and respective rights and duties of it towards the citizens and of citizens towards government. Salient features of indian constitution indian polity. An introduction to indias constitution and constitutional laws. British constitution is a mixture of charters, statutes, judicial decisions, common law, usages or traditions, customs, conventions, precedents etc.
The british constitution, law reform and the parliamentary legislative process this topic enables you. The following are the features of the indian constitution lengthiest written constitution presently 20, it consists of a preamble, about 465 articles divided into 25 parts and 12 schedules. Synthesis of parliamentary sovereignty ukand judicial supremacy. With the declaration of independence, published on july 04, 1776, written by thomas jefferson, begins the independent history of united states of america. Essay on the salient features of indian constitution. The major issue in framing the constitution was absence of consensus between the political parties and maoists. Bicameral legislature senate and house of representatives. In sheer physical terms, it is the lengthiest constitution ever given to any nation. Salient features of british constitution by sammiya. Every citizen, male or female, who has reached the age of 18 years or over, has a right to vote without any discrimination. Parliament, through the political and constitutional reform select. British constitution is an inspiration to most of the constitution of the world. By far the most important feature of british constitution is its unwritten character. The constitution of 1973 is written with a preamble, 280 article, 6 schedules and a few amendments.
British constitution is a flexible constitution and parliament can amend it like alterations in the statutory laws by a simple majority. The framers of our constitution studied other constitutions, selected their valuable features and put them with necessary modifications in our constitution. The british constitution, law reform and the parliamentary. Preamble to the constitution salient features of the. Salient feature of the 1973 constitution of pakistan. The british constitution is unwritten in nature but it does not imply that all of its parts are unwritten. The uk constitution looks confusing to a foreign observer. The constitution of the united kingdom is the system of rules that shapes the political governance of the united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland. Salient features of 1956 constitution of pakistan and. The british constitution is flexible in its nature because, with the simple majority this constitution can amend, replace and rejected.
A written constitution is generally said to be rigid. Political usages and traditions are yet to emerge and develop side by side with the constitution of pakistan. Css forums view single post british constitution notes. British constitution is a result of an evolutionary growth. The constitution of the fifth republic is a written and enacted constitution like the constitution of the united states of america. The constitution of a state or a nation consists of those of its rules or laws which the determine the form of its government and respective rights and duties of it towards the citizens and of citizens towards government. The american constitution is the rigid constitution because the process of amendment in it so complicate as the proposal of 23 majority by congress or state and the ratification must be by the three fourth of majority without only twenty six amendment in constitution during two hundred years. In this edition, professor ramesh kumar has added extensive cases, discussions, and examples relevant to indian consumers and markets, creating a global perspective and making this pioneering textbook even more interesting to indian students. Salient features of the constitution cas english department.
The constitution guarantees liberty of thought,expression, belief, faith and worship to all. It provides for a mixture of federalism and unitarianism, and flexibility and with rigidity. There are so many qualitis of british constitution it is called salient feature of uk constitution. Explain some of the salient features of the british. Initially it consisted of a preamble and 92 articles. Structural part goi act, 1935, political part british constitution. The fact that the constitution, for last 59 years, has been working satisfactorily is a testimony to its quality and utility. The constitution of fifth republic incorporates a mixed presidentialparliamentary model of government. The british parliament can change every thing except man into women and.
Constitution of the united kingdom of great britain and norther. The constitution is neither too rigid like the american constitution nor too flexible like the british constitution. The framers of our constitution tried to put everything in black and white. Other aspects of constitutional design may also modify government responsiveness. The american constitution enacted at the convention of philadelphia in 1789. China is one of the countries with the longest histories in the world.
After civil war of the seventeenth century, cromwell drew up an instrument of government 1653 the only written constitution the english have had but this came to an end in 1660 with the restoration of monarchy. Furthermore, we have discussed the salient features of the british constitution whereby we have learnt about several unique features of the constitution. Here we should also note that the british have no written constitution and constitution of usa had originally only 7 articles. The preamble of our constitution states that india is a sovereign socialist secular democratic republic. In other words there is a great divergence in its theory. Salient features of the indian constitution explained.
The english constitution walter bagehot faculty of social sciences. A second year political science silent features of. The constitution of the united kingdom shall be the basic law according to which the united kingdom shall be governed. What are the salient features of british constitution. The preamble, the preface to the constitution, describes the source nature, ideology, goals and objectives of the constitution. What are the salient features of the constitution of india. It reconciles the republican and democratic principles of enlightenment philosophy liberalism with the need for a strong and stable executive. The constitution of 1956 was the first constitution which passed and adopted by pakistan and its came into force in the month of march 1956, there were 234 articles parts and 6 schedules and below mention are the salient features. Although, it has been the case since 1911, that the written constitution can. B r ambedkar, the constitution of india has been framed after ransacking all the known constitutions of the world.
There are separate governments in the union and states and there is division of power. The constitution of india included not only the constitution of the union but also of the states. There is no such thing as written, precise and compact document, which may be called the british constitution. Constitution efforts as well as needs of time shaped its spontaneous growth. Salient features of indian constitution the constitution of india has some outstanding features which distinguishes it from other constitutions. Salient features of british constitution study lecture notes. So,its amendment is very easy as we compare with other nonflexible constitution. There are certain federal features of the constitution viz. Since its inauguration on 26th january 1950, the constitution india has been successfully guiding the path and progress of india. It provides for a mixture of federalism and unitarianism, and.
Salient features of constitution of 1956 free download as pdf file. Features of the constitution of the french fifth republic. The british constitution is an example of unwritten constitution. The british constitution is unwritten in one single document, unlike the constitution in america or the proposed european constitution. Salient features of british constitution free essays. The competitive exams like ssc, upsc, ias, fcat, railway exams, cds, state civil services exams have major questioning done from this section of polity. The indian constitution though written, is sufficiently flexible. Salient features of the constitution a written constitution our constitution was framed over a period of 2 years, 11 months and 18 days, it was adopted on 26th november, 1949 and enforced on january 26, 1950.
It is composed of charters and statutes, of judicial decisions of common law, of precedents, usages and traditions. The courts have no purer to question the validity of the laws passed by british parliament. Indian constitution is a lengthy and very comprehensive document. Finally after many years of struggle, nepal adopted its first democratic constitution on september 20, 2015. It is a living document, an instrument which makes the government system work. In this lecture, i have discussed the salient features of british constitution. It is very brief document and contains about 4000 words and at least 1012 pages.
The laws, rules and customs that set out theways in which a country should be governedand the rights and duties of the state and itscitizens the history of britain has been one of gradualchange rather than great upheaval and so thebritish constitution has evolved over manyyears. The british constitution is a mixed constitution taking in the system of monarchical, aristocratic and democratic systems at the same time. There is no part in this regard single government mentain all system and this government is responsible for enforcement of law. The people of all nationalities in china have jointly created a splendid culture and have a glorious revolutionary tradition. Salient features of british constitution llb part 1. Aug 09, 2016 the first modern written constitution was the american constitution. The salient features of the constitution have developed directly and indirectly from these objectives which flow from the preamble. The key features of the uk constitution flashcards in a. Oct 07, 2016 the constitution of india is a unique constitution. Thus, the british constitution changes all the time, very slowly, often imperceptibly. Article 1 we the people, on the basis of equality, liberty and democracy, founded the united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland on this land. Some of the main salient features of american constitution are. It means that it has not been reduced to writing in a single document.
The main features of the constitution are as follows. One of the most important features of the british constitution is its unwritten character. The constitution has adopted the principles of federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances etc. Main features of the constitution of fifth republic france. Nonsovereign status of cantons, supremacy of swiss constitution, existence of written and rigid constitution affecting a division of powers between the swiss federation and the cantons, the cantons have their separate constitution etc. The sovereignty of the united kingdom is originated from people, who shall exert the sovereignty within the format and boundary prescribed by the constitution. The constitution of india is the supreme law of india. Apr 18, 2016 and borrowed features of constitution of india in indian polity section is major topic to be studied for any of the competitive exams. Tnpsc paramount is an online repository platform which provides government exam updates,results,hall ticket, previous year papers, study material, static gk and also conduct current affairs quiz which helps aspirants to crack the exam. All powers of the state are concentrated in the hands of a. It gives equality of status and of opportunity to all. Download salient features of 1973 constitution of pakistan. Being uncodified, the constitution of the united kingdom is in a state of constant flux.
Salient features of the american constitution united states. Jul 25, 2017 salient features of usa constitution 1. The uk constitution is not contained in a single code, but principles have emerged over the centuries from statute, case law, political conventions and social consensus. The preamble consists of the ideals, objectives and basic principles of the constitution. The salient features of the traditional uk constitution were as follows. Salient features of the american constitution study. The british constitution historically put parliament as supreme and sovereign so the law made by parliament is the supreme law of britain this is constitutional as stated in the bill of rights 1686. Following are the salient features of the american constitution.
British constitution is oldest, unwritten, evolved and dynamic in nature. The constitution of india expresses the vision of india as a democratic nation. Constitution is that source which takes in the laws and principles of ones nation which instructs its political, social and governmental bodies to run. Salient features of constitution questions and answers. The constitution defines the rights, limitations and liberty of its citizens. While doing so, it also reflects core constitutional values. Paper2, unit1 silent features of british constitution. Salient features of indian constitution srd law notes. Borrowed features of constitution of india career after. Britain moves forward by evolution, not by revolution.
This 7 article constitution of united states has been amended. Each new law, each new major decision by judges, becomes a new stone in the edifice of the british constitution. Whereas, the british constitution is considered flexible because its amendment procedure is easy and simple. Salient features of indian polity, written and unwritten constitution, rigid and flexible constitution, features adopted from various constitution. Lengthiest written constitution articles 465, 25 parts, 12 schedules geography, history, both for centre and states, legal luminaries in the constituent assembly the british constitution can be found in a variety of documents. Constitution of the peoples republic of china adopted on december 4, 1982 preamble. Salient features of british constitution the law study. We, the japanese people, acting through our duly elected representatives in the national diet, determined that we shall secure for ourselves and our posterity the fruits of peaceful cooperation with all nations and the blessings of liberty throughout this land, and resolved that never again shall we be visited with the horrors of war through the action of government, do proclaim that sovereign.
This draft constitution for the united kingdom consists of 129 articles and 6 schedules, accompanied by a commentary which explains the derivation and purpose of each provision. Elections as salient features of the indian constitution. A rigid constitution is one which requires a special method of amendment of any of its provisions while in flexible constitution any of its provisions can be amended by ordinary legislative process. The federal character of the swiss constitution is reflected by its following features. There is a great difference in its appearance and its reality. The ten amendments for the security of fundamental rights. The constitution of india has three categories of amendments ranging from simple to most difficult procedure depending on the nature of the amendment.
Salient features of the american constitution united. In some minimal sense of the term, a constitution consists of a set of rules or norms creating, structuring and defining the limits of, government power or authority. Apr 06, 2012 the constitution of india establishes the country a partly federal and partly unitary government. Parliament is the only i4slative body in the country with unfettered powers of legislation can make, amend or repeal any law it likes. Pdf this article posits that the british constitution is changing by incorporating written. The bill of rights this declaration of 1689, known as the bill of rights, stated that it was illegal for the crown to suspend or dispense with the law, and insisted on due process in criminal trials. The salient features of the constitution are analysed below. British constitution was regarded as the mother constitution and standard constitution for measuring. The british constitution is unwritten constitution as it is not embodied, wholly or mainly in any enactment or formally related series of enactments. Mar, 2015 this aspect of the british constitution, its unwritten nature, is its most distinguishing characteristic.
A constitution is a set of laws on how a country is governed. Drawn from various sources from various other countries as well as from the government of india act of 1935. English constitution as it stood in the years 1865 and 1866. Mar 10, 20 the above figures make our constitution the most comprehensive constitution in the world. Two governments, separation of powers, bicameralism, written constitution rigid and supreme, independent.
Awritten constitution first prominent feature of the american constitution is that unlike the british constitution, it is a written or documentary. Jan, 2014 salient features of the constitution is a chapter from our constitution. The us has an elaborated system of checks and balances that reduces the. World constitutions vishnoo bhagwan and vidya bhushan 2.